history of cancer

Currently, the Greek term carcinoma is the medical term for a malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells. It is Celsus who translated "carcinos" into the Latin cancer, also meaning crab. Galen used "oncos" to describe "all tumor", root for the modern word oncology. Hippocrates described several kinds of cancer. He called benign tumors "oncos", Greek for swelling of the tumor, and malignant'''' carcinos, Greek for crab or lobster. The name is derived from the display surface of the piece of solid malignant tumors, with the "tendons stretched on all sides as the animal had crab legs, from which it derives its name. He later added the suffix-oma'''', Greek for swelling, giving the name "carcinoma". Since it is against Greek tradition to open the body, Hippocrates only described and made drawings of outwardly visible tumors on the skin, nose, and breast cancer treatment based on the humor. theory of four bodily fluids (black and yellow bile, blood, and sputum ) According to the humor of patients. treatment consisting of diet, blood-letting, and / or laxatives. For centuries it was found that the cancer can occur anywhere in the body, but humor-theory based treatment remained popular until the 19th century with discovery of the cell. The oldest description and surgical treatment of cancer is found in Egypt and dates back to around 1600 BC The Papyrus describes 8 cases of ulcers of the breast who were treated by cauterization, with a device called a "fire drill." Writing says about the disease, "There is no treatment." Another very early surgical treatment for cancer are described in the 1020s by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in'' The Canon of Medicine''. He stated that the excision should be radical and that all diseased tissue should be removed, which includes the use of amputation or removal of veins running in the direction of the tumor. He also recommends the use of cauterization for the area being treated if necessary. In the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming more acceptable for doctors to dissect bodies to discover the cause of death. German professor Wilhelm Fabry believed that breast cancer is caused by a clot the milk in the milk ducts. Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, believed that all illness is the result of chemical processes, and acidic lymph fluid was the cause of cancer. His contemporary Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancer is a poison that slowly spreads, and concluded that it was contagious. The first cause of cancer identified by British surgeon Percivall Pott, who discovered in 1775 that cancer of the scrotum is a common disease among chimney sweeps. Work of other individual physicians led to various insights, but when physicians started working together they can make a firm conclusion. With the widespread use of the microscope in the 18th century, it was found that the spreading 'cancer poison' of the primary tumor through the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis"). View of the disease was first formulated by the British surgeon Campbell De Morgan between 1871 and 1874. The use of surgery to treat cancer had poor results due to problems with cleanliness. Famous Scottish surgeon Alexander Monro saw only 2 breast tumors from 60 patients survived the operation for two years. In the 19th century, surgical asepsis as improving hygiene and survival statistics go up, surgical removal of the tumor became the primary treatment for cancer. With the exception of William Coley who in the late 1800s felt that the cure rate after surgery was higher'' before'' asepsis (and who injected bacteria into tumors with mixed results), cancer treatment became dependent on the individual art of the surgeon in removing tumor. During the same period, the idea that the body is composed of various tissues, which in turn made up of millions of cells, laid rest of humor-theories about chemical imbalances in the body. Age of cellular pathology was born. When Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radiation at the end of the 19th century, they stumbled upon the first effective treatment of non-surgical cancer. With radiation came also the first signs of multi-disciplinary approach to cancer treatment. The surgeon no longer operate in isolation, but worked together with hospital radiologists to help patients. Complications in communication this brought, along with the needs of patient care in a hospital facility rather than at home, also creates a parallel process of compiling patient data into hospital files, which in turn leads to the first statistical patient studies. A founder of the paper is the work of the epidemiology of cancer-Claypon Janet Lane, who published a comparative study in 1926 of 500 cases of breast cancer and 500 control patients from the same background and lifestyle for the Department of Health. Ground-breaking work in cancer epidemiology conducted by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, who published "Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death In Relation smoking. A Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors" followed in 1956 (otherwise known as the British doctors study). Richard Doll left the London Medical Research Center (MRC), to initiate the cancer epidemiology unit in Oxford for 1968. With the use of computers, the unit is the first to compile large amounts of cancer data. Methods of modern epidemiology is closely related to the current concept of disease and public health policy. Over the past 50 years, great efforts have been spent on gathering data across medical practice, hospitals, provincial, state, and even national borders, as a way to study the interdependence of environmental and cultural factors on cancer incidence. Treatment of cancer patients and studies limited to the individual physician practices until World War II, when medical research centers discovered that there are large international differences in disease incidence. These insights encourage national agencies to allow public health to compile health data across practices and hospitals, a process that many countries do today. Japanese medical community observed that the bone marrow of bomb victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were completely destroyed. They concluded that diseased bone marrow could also be destroyed with radiation, and this led to the discovery of bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. Since World War II, trends in cancer treatment is to improve the micro-level the existing treatment methods, standardize them, and their globalization as a way to find cures through epidemiology and international partnerships.