What is cervical cancer

Cervical cancer or also known as cervical cancer is a cancer that occurs in the female reproductive system precisely at the mouth of the uterus. The cervix is ​​located at the bottom of the uterus that connects the upper vagina to the uterus. About 2 inches in length. The time of delivery will occur dilatation (widening) the cervix of the uterus so the baby can pass into the vagina. Occurrence of Cervical Cancer How Often? Breast cancer and cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer occurs in women, but the estimated number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer each year has decreased, whether this is because most women begin to know and understand about the prevention, still required further investigation. In the U.S. alone in 2007, there were 3670 women die from this cancer. Any Cervix Cancer Symptoms? In the early stages of cervical cancer, there are usually no symptoms. Symptoms of cervical cancer if the cancer has started to look into further stages, invading the cervix gets deeper and affect the surrounding tissue. Some symptoms that may arise are as follows: * There was vaginal bleeding, including bleeding after sexual intercourse * Incurred pain during sex, but this may be the umu and not associated with cervical cancer * Pain in the pelvis * The emergence of redness and a rash on the vagina Just what is Being Cervical Cancer Risk? One of the major risk factor for development of cervical cancer are infected with Human Pappilomavirus (HPV). HPV is a virus that is transmitted through sexual contact. Other risk factors for cervical cancer is having sex early age, smoking, promiscuous sex and have a weak immune system. How Diagnosing Cervical Cancer? The initial step is to diagnose cervical cancer by Pap smear. Pap smear is a simple test that is done by taking a sample of cells the cervix (mouth of uterus) and then was observed under miskroskop. If the sample cell that refers to cells found in cancer cells then the next step is to perform colposcopy. Colposcopy is a tool that aims to be able to see more in the cervix and closer. When performing colposcopy, biopsy may also be aimed at taking a sample of cancer cells. Some tests may be required in accordance with the stage of cancer. How to Treat Cervical Cancer? Cervical cancer can be treated in several ways. Types of cancer and the stage will determine the type of treatment to be performed. Treatment of cervical cancer can be done with surgery, such as hysterectomy, can also chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Treatment will vary in each patient. Certain patients may only have surgery, but other patients may undergo surgery and chemotherapy. And it all depends on the type and stage of cervical cancer.

HPV causes of cervix cancer

HPV or Human Pappiloma Virus is the virus that causes cervical cancer is transmitted through sexual contact. Currently there are hundreds of known HPV types, about 30 types of genital HPV affects both women and men, and led to a state such as genital warts and even something more serious like cancer. Although HPV responsible for genital warts and in both cervical cancer in women, they are caused by different types of virus. So, if you suffer from genital warts, you may not be at risk for cervical cancer. If you are exposed to HPV types that make you are at risk of cervical cancer, genital warts then it will not appear so. How You Can Hit by HPV? HPV spread through genital skin contact during intercourse. This means do not have to happen for the penetration of this virus. Penetration of the vagina and anus is also a method of transmission of HPV. You can get HPV through oral sex, despite the odds. What are Symptoms of Exposure to HPV? There are several symptoms that occur when infected with HPV. Genital warts are a symptom caused by HPV types that cause genital warts, but a person can be infected for several years before the advent of genital warts. There are also people who are infected with HPV but no visible genital warts. Women who are infected with HPV types that cause cervical cancer usually do not experience certain symptoms. Because there are no symptoms, routine pap smear is a very helpful factor in detecting abnormalities in the cervix caused by HPV. How to Prevent HPV? HPV is a very common virus. Estimated at more than twenty million Americans are infected with this virus, it makes the HPV virus and the disease is commonly transmitted through sexual contact. This is to ensure that HPV is not protected from sexual contact for non-partner. Prevention of HPV relatively difficult because it is not necessary to perform sexual penetration to transmit this virus. Some research shows that condoms can protect against HPV infection, but because most of the genitals remain exposed during the use of condoms, it still remains a risk of transmission. HPV vaccine is one of the methods for the prevention of HPV. FDA approved the HPV vaccine Gardasil has been proven effective against four strains of HPV known to cause cervical cancer and genital warts in women. Researchers are continuing to test the effectiveness of the vaccine in men. Getting the HPV vaccine, not to have sex freely and use condoms every time you have sex are some steps to reduce the risk of contracting HPV.

history of cancer

Currently, the Greek term carcinoma is the medical term for a malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells. It is Celsus who translated "carcinos" into the Latin cancer, also meaning crab. Galen used "oncos" to describe "all tumor", root for the modern word oncology. Hippocrates described several kinds of cancer. He called benign tumors "oncos", Greek for swelling of the tumor, and malignant'''' carcinos, Greek for crab or lobster. The name is derived from the display surface of the piece of solid malignant tumors, with the "tendons stretched on all sides as the animal had crab legs, from which it derives its name. He later added the suffix-oma'''', Greek for swelling, giving the name "carcinoma". Since it is against Greek tradition to open the body, Hippocrates only described and made drawings of outwardly visible tumors on the skin, nose, and breast cancer treatment based on the humor. theory of four bodily fluids (black and yellow bile, blood, and sputum ) According to the humor of patients. treatment consisting of diet, blood-letting, and / or laxatives. For centuries it was found that the cancer can occur anywhere in the body, but humor-theory based treatment remained popular until the 19th century with discovery of the cell. The oldest description and surgical treatment of cancer is found in Egypt and dates back to around 1600 BC The Papyrus describes 8 cases of ulcers of the breast who were treated by cauterization, with a device called a "fire drill." Writing says about the disease, "There is no treatment." Another very early surgical treatment for cancer are described in the 1020s by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in'' The Canon of Medicine''. He stated that the excision should be radical and that all diseased tissue should be removed, which includes the use of amputation or removal of veins running in the direction of the tumor. He also recommends the use of cauterization for the area being treated if necessary. In the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming more acceptable for doctors to dissect bodies to discover the cause of death. German professor Wilhelm Fabry believed that breast cancer is caused by a clot the milk in the milk ducts. Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, believed that all illness is the result of chemical processes, and acidic lymph fluid was the cause of cancer. His contemporary Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancer is a poison that slowly spreads, and concluded that it was contagious. The first cause of cancer identified by British surgeon Percivall Pott, who discovered in 1775 that cancer of the scrotum is a common disease among chimney sweeps. Work of other individual physicians led to various insights, but when physicians started working together they can make a firm conclusion. With the widespread use of the microscope in the 18th century, it was found that the spreading 'cancer poison' of the primary tumor through the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis"). View of the disease was first formulated by the British surgeon Campbell De Morgan between 1871 and 1874. The use of surgery to treat cancer had poor results due to problems with cleanliness. Famous Scottish surgeon Alexander Monro saw only 2 breast tumors from 60 patients survived the operation for two years. In the 19th century, surgical asepsis as improving hygiene and survival statistics go up, surgical removal of the tumor became the primary treatment for cancer. With the exception of William Coley who in the late 1800s felt that the cure rate after surgery was higher'' before'' asepsis (and who injected bacteria into tumors with mixed results), cancer treatment became dependent on the individual art of the surgeon in removing tumor. During the same period, the idea that the body is composed of various tissues, which in turn made up of millions of cells, laid rest of humor-theories about chemical imbalances in the body. Age of cellular pathology was born. When Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radiation at the end of the 19th century, they stumbled upon the first effective treatment of non-surgical cancer. With radiation came also the first signs of multi-disciplinary approach to cancer treatment. The surgeon no longer operate in isolation, but worked together with hospital radiologists to help patients. Complications in communication this brought, along with the needs of patient care in a hospital facility rather than at home, also creates a parallel process of compiling patient data into hospital files, which in turn leads to the first statistical patient studies. A founder of the paper is the work of the epidemiology of cancer-Claypon Janet Lane, who published a comparative study in 1926 of 500 cases of breast cancer and 500 control patients from the same background and lifestyle for the Department of Health. Ground-breaking work in cancer epidemiology conducted by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, who published "Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death In Relation smoking. A Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors" followed in 1956 (otherwise known as the British doctors study). Richard Doll left the London Medical Research Center (MRC), to initiate the cancer epidemiology unit in Oxford for 1968. With the use of computers, the unit is the first to compile large amounts of cancer data. Methods of modern epidemiology is closely related to the current concept of disease and public health policy. Over the past 50 years, great efforts have been spent on gathering data across medical practice, hospitals, provincial, state, and even national borders, as a way to study the interdependence of environmental and cultural factors on cancer incidence. Treatment of cancer patients and studies limited to the individual physician practices until World War II, when medical research centers discovered that there are large international differences in disease incidence. These insights encourage national agencies to allow public health to compile health data across practices and hospitals, a process that many countries do today. Japanese medical community observed that the bone marrow of bomb victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were completely destroyed. They concluded that diseased bone marrow could also be destroyed with radiation, and this led to the discovery of bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. Since World War II, trends in cancer treatment is to improve the micro-level the existing treatment methods, standardize them, and their globalization as a way to find cures through epidemiology and international partnerships.